Articles about Therapy

• Fear of a parent or a specific person
• An exaggerated sense of guilt or shame
• Repeated physical injuries
• Depression or extreme anxiety
• Self-esteem issues

Child abuse is the commission or omission of any acts that may put a child in danger.

• A lack of physical needs like food, shelter, or clothing
• A lack of emotional needs being met – chronic indifference or ignorance
• A lack of proper medical care
• A lack of proper educational resources
• A lack of proper and safe supervision

Child neglect is defined as the failure of a parent or guardian of a child to safeguard that child’s emotional and physical health as well as their general well-being.

• A repeated history of physical injury
• Fear of a specific person and what they might due
• Being stalked
• Being coerced into doing things that you do not wish to by another
• Depression and post traumatic stress disorder

Domestic violence is a pattern of abusive behaviors by one or both partners in an intimate relationship of some kind.

• Depression or withdrawal from social activities
• Insomnia
• Being afraid to make their own decisions
• A lack of money
• A repeated history of injury
• An attempt to run away from their situation
• Put off going to the doctor

Elder abuse is a single or repeated act occurring within any relationship where there is an expectation of trust which causes harm or distress to an older person.

• A dramatic loss of weight or a general lack of nutrition
• Often being unclean or poorly bathed
• Medications being withheld or administered in improper dosages
• Depression, anxiety, and withdrawal from social situations

Elder neglect is an act or acts of omission toward a senior citizen resulting in a failure to provide the basic needs of life for that victim.

• Chronic depressions
• Anxiety
• Post traumatic stress disorder
• A severe reaction to being chastised or scolded
• Dissociation
• One person completely controlling another

Emotional abuse is the repeated and purposeful exposure of one person to psychological acts of aggression by another.

• Unexplained marks or bruises on the body
• Repeated injuries that cannot be explained
• Limping, broken bones, or bruising
• Old scars and a history of injury
• A reluctance to talk about injuries

Physical abuse is the infliction of any kind of bodily harm by one person to another.

• Health problems, especially with the liver
• Anti-social and irresponsible behavior
• Physical effects with withdrawal
• Neglecting responsibilities

Alcohol addiction is the compulsive need to have a drink and the excessive use of alcohol. There are many signs and symptoms of alcohol addiction, including health problems, social problems, and destructive behavior. Therapy specialized around helping with behavioral patterns can help break the addiction cycle.

• Loss of Appetite and Weight
• Hallucinations and Paranoia
• Mood swings
• Legal Problems
• Sleep Disorders

Habitual or prolonged use of amphetamines is considered an amphetamine addiction. Symptoms of amphetamine use range from excess energy to loss of appetite to a heightened rate of breathing. Signs of long term amphetamine use include weight loss, irritability, sleep disorders, and problems with the law. Behavioral therapy and recovery programs can help with the treatment of amphetamine addiction.

• Problems with withdrawal
• High tolerance
• Constant cravings for caffeine
• Need for caffeine to get going
• Insomnia

Caffeine addiction is defined as a compulsion to take caffeine - a chemical dependence. One of the signs of caffeine addiction is having withdrawal symptoms when trying to quit. From headaches to loss of energy, caffeine withdrawal can have serious effect on the body. Treatment for an addiction to caffeine is possible.

• Panic attacks
• Psychosis - paranoia and depression
• Red, Itchy Eyes
• Apathy
• Problems in the real world

Cannabis addiction is the need or desire to use cannabis. Signs of addiction may include the build-up of a tolerance to marijuana and a psychological dependence on the substance. Some say it is not a physical addiction, which is why psychological approaches to treatment of cannabis addiction are so successful.

• Financial problems
• Health problems
• Trouble with the law
• Relationship trouble

Cocaine addiction is the need - physical and psychological - for cocaine. Symptoms of cocaine addiction include financial problems, bloody noses, and other serious health problems. Treatment for an addiction to cocaine is an ongoing process, but recovery is possible.

• Excessive amounts of time on the computer
• Compulsions to be on the computer at all times
• Lies about time spent on the computer
• Withdrawal symptoms

Computer addiction happens when someone spends an excessive amount of time using the computer. The symptoms include problems with relationships and work because of the amount of time spent on the computer while neglecting other duties or responsibilities. Behavioral therapy can help with recognizing the addiction and doing something about stopping it.

• Constant money problems
• Delusions of winning it big
• Telling lies to hide gambling losses
• Problems with relationships

Gambling addiction is defined as compulsive behavior that results in financial, social and emotional problems. Treatment for gambling addiction can take many forms, but online therapy (like that offered here at Mentaline.com) has become a popular method for people to get help with the problems that come with gambling addiction.

• Frequent use of hallucinogenic drugs
• Hallucinations
• High tolerance
• Flashbacks
• Trouble functioning in the real world

Hallucinogens addiction is a compulsion to take hallucinogenic substances to escape reality. Signs and symptoms of problems with hallucinogens include problems with relationships, psychological problems, and trouble keeping a job. Treatment for an addiction to hallucinogens is possible with guided therapy.

• Constant dizziness
• Vision problems
• Trouble with slowed reflexes
• Lethargy and inability to function in society
• Poor motor skills and coordination

Inhalant addiction is the physical and psychological need to inhale drugs to get a high. Building up a tolerance - needing more and more to get a buzz - is one of the signs of an addiction to inhalants. Therapy and counseling are good ways to help treat an inhalant addiction.

• Excessive time spent on the Internet
• Problems with relationships and work because of amount of time spent online
• Fatigue and other health issues

Internet addiction can be defined as an excessive amount of time spent on the Internet - visiting websites or even just checking email or playing games - that has a destructive effect on a person's life. Symptoms can appear as problems in other areas of life - especially relationships and careers. Treatment for Internet addiction is possible with therapy and counseling.

• Trouble with withdrawal symptoms
• Health problems
• Cravings and insomnia when trying to quit

Nicotine addiction is a physical dependence on the drug nicotine commonly found in cigarettes and other tobacco products. Serious and minor health problems are both signs of nicotine addiction. Treatment for the this physical addiction can be helped quite a bit with online therapy.

• Tolerance
• Withdrawal symptoms
• Craving for the next high

An opioid addiction is defined as a need or compulsion to take opioid drugs even when continued use has serious negative effects on a person's life. Symptoms of opioid addiction include a build up of tolerance, the appearance of withdrawal symptoms, and a constant preoccupation with the next high. Treatment for opioid addiction is available.

• Financial problems
• Relationship troubles
• Problems with law enforcement

An other substance addiction is defined as a compulsion to ingest a drug even when there are serious negative side effects. Symptoms will vary depending on the exact type of substance being taken, but most come with serious physical and psychological problems.

• Trouble with authorities
• Difficulties performing in society
• Impaired judgment
• Poor concentration

Phencyclidine addiction is defined as the continued use of PCP despite negative side effects. Symptoms of phencyclidine addiction include trouble with the law, relationship problems, impaired judgment, and serious emotional problems. Treatment for addiction to PCP is possible with psychotherapy and counseling with trained therapists.

• Viewing takes up more and more time
• Problems with relationships
• Destructive results from watching pornography

Prolonged viewing or pornography - books, magazines, movies, or Internet pornography - that has destructive effects on the life of a person is the basic definition of an addiction to pornography. The symptoms revolve around problems with relationships and sinking a lot of time (longer and longer periods) into viewing pornography. Psychotherapy and counseling have been shown to be very effective at breaking the addiction to pornography.

• Tolerance
• Social problems 
• Nightmares
• Emotional problems

Sedative addiction is defined as the inability to stop using various sedatives despite continued use having a drastic negative effect on a person's life. Various types of sedatives exist, with most broke down into two groups - major and minor tranquilizers. Treatment for the symptoms of sedative addiction are possible with therapy and counseling.

• Frequent unsafe sex
• Multiple partners
• Anonymous sexual partners
• Frequent masturbation

Sex addiction is defined as long term or compulsive sexual behavior that has a destructive effects on the life of people affected by this disorder. Sleeping with many different people, including strangers, is one sign that an addiction to sex may be a problem. Treatment for sex addiction is available online. At Mentaline.com they combine trained therapists who are knowledgeable about sex addiction with online group therapy.

Inability to stick to a budget Compulsive shopping Lies Relationship problems

Known as oniomania or compulsive shopping, a shopping addiction is an uncontrollable urge to purchase items, even if they are needed. The symptoms of shopping addictions can manifest in many ways, but revolve primarily around financial and relationship problems. Treatment for shopping addictions like therapy and counseling have been shown to be very helpful in overcoming the addiction.

• Anxiety
• Worry
• Desperation
• Sleeping problems
• Trouble concentrating

Adjustment disorder with anxiety is caused by a major life change that is stressful in nature. Treatment with psychotherapy is recommended.

• Sadness
• Hopelessness
• Lack of enjoyment in life
• Long period of crying
• Nervousness
• Suicidal thoughts

Adjustment disorder with depressed mood is caused by a major, stressful event in a person's life and has symptoms similar to major depression. Treatment including therapy and counseling is recommended for this adjustment disorder.

• Fighting
• Reckless or aggressive driving
• Ignoring bills
• Avoiding family and friends
• Poor performance in life
• Vandalism

Adjustment disorder with disturbance of conduct is brought on by a major, life changing event that is stressful. Therapy including therapy and counseling is recommended for treatment of adjustment disorder with disturbance of conduct.

• Confusion
• Avoiding thoughts about the event
• Avoiding people related to the event
• Avoiding places related to the event
• Dissociative problems
• Panic attacks
• Detachment
• Selective amnesia

Acute stress disorder (related to posttraumatic stress disorder) is an anxiety disorder that affects a person after a major, traumatic event in their life. Treatment for acute stress disorder is available with psychotherapy and counseling.

• Anxiety
• Panic attacks
• Housebound for long periods
• Dependence on others
• Fear of being alone
• Fear of losing control in public
• Feelings of detachment
• Feelings of helplessness
• Feeling that the body or environment are unreal
• Unusual temper or agitation with trembling or twitching

Agoraphobia is a fear of being someplace where help may not be available. Psychotherapy is helpful in the treatment of agoraphobia.

• Nervousness
• Feeling anxious
• Worry

Anxiety is a normal human emotion that allows people to deal with stressful situations. It could also be described as nervousness. For some people, existing mental problems can make anxiety levels extreme and difficult to deal with. In any case, psychotherapy is recommended for help with anxiety.

• Rapid heartbeat
• Stomachache
• Worrying

Dental phobia or dental anxiety is the term for being nervous or afraid to go to the dentist. The fear is mostly triggered by the thought of the instruments and the treatment and not by the dentist. The fear can grow so large and extensive that the person fails to appear at regular dental visits, or will not go to the dentist at all.

• Fatigue
• Irritability
• Sleep problems
• Headaches
• Lack of concentration

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a mental disorder that causes a person to become extremely worried and anxious about various events in their life. Psychotherapy is one method to help with generalized anxiety disorder.

• Obsessions
• Compulsions
• Irrational fears

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder in which people become trapped in cycles of thought and action, repeating them. For some it can be a disabling mental illness that makes it hard for them to perform productively in society. OCD can be treated with psychotherapy.

• Sudden fear
• Sudden nervousness,
• Sweating
• Racing heart
• Dizziness
• Fainting
• Chills

A panic disorder is an anxiety disorder that results in a severe panic attack that can have both emotional and physical symptoms. Treatment for panic disorders is possible with psychotherapy and counseling.

• Sleep problems
• Reliving the traumatic event
• Detachment
• Survivor guilt

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that occurs after a life threatening events. Treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder is possible with psychotherapy and counseling.

• Elevated blood pressure
• Rapid heart rate
• Fear of social situations
• Nervousness
• Substance abuse

Social phobia is a constant and irrational fear of situations that may involve judgment or scrutiny by others. Social phobia is treatable with psychotherapy.

• Difficulty remembering new information
• Awareness of the memory problem
• Insistence that a memory problem doesn't exist
• Memory loss

Amnestic disorders cause memory impairment without any of the symptoms commonly found with other cognitive disorders. Symptoms include problems retaining or learning new information as well as other memory problems. The person affected may or may not be aware of their memory troubles. In either case, counseling and therapy are recommended to help with treatment for amnestic disorders.

• Changes in alertness
• Changes in feeling
• Reduced awareness
• Trouble with language
• Emotional changes
• Disorganized thinking
• Involuntary, restless movements

Delirium is a disturbance in consciousness that results in a quick change between mental states. There are different causes of delirium, but the symptoms generally include changes in emotion and behavior. Disorganized thinking is another sign of delirium. Treatment for delirium is possible, with the exact types of therapy determined by the specific type of delirium.

• Short term memory problems
• Trouble finding the right word to use
• Problems with calculations
• Mood changes
• Depression
• Aggression
• Hallucinations
• Trouble with simple tasks

Dementia is a loss of brain functions that cause memory problems and other cognitive impairments. Symptoms will vary depending on the cause of the dementia, but generally they will include problems with short term memory, difficulty finding the right word to use, problems performing calculations, lack of personal care, as well as other physical and mental problems. Treatment for dementia is possible with the proper therapy and counseling.

• Continual bad behavior
• Tantrums
• Disruptive behavior
• Problems with authority figures
• Inability to pay attention
• Lack of follow through
• Organization problems
• Anti-social behavior
• Criminal activity
• Substance abuse
• Running away
• Lying

Attention-deficit and disruptive behaviour disorders is a disorder that results in attention problems and continual disruptive behavior. Symptoms include anti-social behavior, substance abuse, inattentiveness, criminal activity, as well as other physical and psychological difficulties. Counseling and guided therapy by those specializing in behavior disorders is recommended for treatment.

• Trouble speaking
• Trouble understanding
• Convulsions
• Repetition of words - stuttering

Communication disorders are those that affect speech, language, and hearing. The symptoms vary depending on the particular type of communication disorder, but they generally center around problems communicating. Therapy and counseling are both helpful with the treatment of various communication disorders.

• Secretive bowel movement behavior
• Constipation 
• Inability to retain feces (incontinence)
• Hard stools
• Involuntary urination at least twice a month

Elimination disorders center around the elimination of feces or urine from the body, usually involuntarily. The causes of elimination disorders range from physical to mental, but treatment with psychotherapy is recommended for treatment in either case.

• Delays in development
• Irritability
• Withdrawal

Feeding and eating disorders of infancy or early childhood cause children to lose weight rapidly or to not gain weight and grow normally. Other symptoms include irritability as well as other signs that are common with malnutrition. Therapy and counseling for parents may be able to help with treatment for feeding and eating disorders of infancy or early childhood.

• Low IQ or other test scores
• Difficulties learning
• Social problems
• Trouble with interpersonal relationships
• Difficulty with day to day life

Intellectual disabilities are developmental disorders that appear early and make it difficult for a person to learn effectively. Symptoms primarily include a low IQ score and an inability to acquire new knowledge. Treatment is available with psychotherapy and counseling.

• Trouble reading
• Trouble spelling
• Trouble reasoning
• Trouble writing

A learning disability is a neurological disorder that affects a person's ability to learn new things and advance in life. It may appear as a difficulty with reading, writing, spelling, memory, or other intellectual problems. Treatment for learning disabilities is available and will vary depending on the particular type of learning disability exhibited.

• Hypotonia (floppy baby)
• Hypertonia (rigid baby)
• Visual perception problems
• Constantly above normal muscle tone
• Problems moving smoothly

A motor skills disorder affects a person’s ability to move around and prohibits or makes it difficult for them to perform complex tasks that require hand to eye coordination. Treatment for motor skills disorder should include psychotherapy for the emotional aspects of the disorder.

• Nightmares
• Bedwetting
• Fear of being alone
• Severe anxiety
• Extreme, continual behavior problems
• Panic attacks
• Repetitive motor behavior
• Social interaction difficulties
• Sibling jealousy
• Strange speech
• Impulsive behavior
• Avoiding physical contact
• Learning problems

A disorder of infancy, childhood or adolescence is one that doesn't fit into the other categories of related disorders found in children but has enough similar symptoms to be classified a different way. Therapy and counseling are helpful when dealing with disorders of infancy, childhood or adolescence.

• Poor interaction with others
• Poor communication skills
• Repetitive behaviors
• Rituals that must be followed
• Requires strict routines
• Screaming fits
• Panic attacks
• Teeth grinding
• Lack of eye contact
• Social problems

Pervasive development disorders affect the development of basic skills including the ability to communicate, imagination and socializing with others. Symptoms include confusion and problems understanding the world and how it works, as well as other physical and emotional signs. Treatment for pervasive developmental disorders is available with guided therapy and counseling.

• Numbing of emotions
• Changes in visual perception
• Altered experience of a person's body

Depersonalization disorder results in a person not believing or being able to comprehend the reality of who they are or the world around them. Psychotherapy that centers around the original abuse as well as counseling that helps deal with the symptoms of depersonalization disorder is good for treatment.

• Sudden inability to remember past experiences
• Sudden inability to recall personal information
• Confusion
• Anxiety
• Depression

Dissociative amnesia is the intentional blocking of memories that center around a traumatic or extremely stressful situation. Therapy and counseling are helpful for treatment of this dissociative disorder.

• Relocation suddenly
• Loss of memory
• Taking on of a new identity
• Eventual remembering of old identity, which causes confusion

Dissociative fugue refers to when a person travels - on purpose - from their home and relocates to another city, often losing memories, including their identity. This may happen one or more times.

• Two or more identities
• Depression
• Mood swings
• Suicidal thoughts
• Suicide attempts
• Substance abuse
• Auditory and visual hallucinations that cause psychotic behavior

Dissociative identity disorder is when two or more distinct and separate identities are exhibited in a single individual. Treatment for this disorder should include therapy and counseling.

• Loss of feeling
• Loss of sensitivity to pain
• Tingling sensations
• Blurred vision
• Partial or full paralysis
• Unresponsive to external stimuli
• Lack of speech

Dissociative stupor is the absence of voluntary movement and responsiveness to external stimuli that is caused by stress or a traumatic experience and not one of the other psychological reasons. Therapy and counseling are helpful in dealing with the issues that may arise after dissociative stupor.

• Blotchy, yellow skin that looks unhealthy
• Confusion or trouble thinking clearly caused by lack of nutrients
• Depression 
• Constantly feeling cold, needing blankets and layers of clothes to stay warm
• Thinning hair 
• Low blood pressure 
• Menstruation irregularities
• Extreme weight loss
• Loss of body fat and muscle

Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder that typically involves extreme limits on the amount of food that is taken into the body, effectively starvation. This is usually caused by a fear of gaining weight that can become intense and overpowering, leading to a desire to do everything possible to stop gaining weight, including starvation. The result is severe weight loss that can have other, long lasting effects on the body.

• Lack of self-control when it comes to food
• Inability to stop eating large amounts of food
• Avoidance of healthy food
• Embarrassment about either weight or food eating habits

Binge eating disorder refers to a person that is unable to control the amount of food they consume in a single setting, often eating due to emotions rather than because they are hungry. It is usually caused by a combination of genetics and emotional problems. While nothing can be done about the genetics side of the problem, a combination of counseling and therapy has been shown to be very successful in helping people get their binge eating under control.

• Binge eating
• Self-induced vomiting
• Obsession with scales and weighing
• Compulsive behavior.

Bulimia nervosa is a pattern of overeating - the binge - then using unsafe methods to avoid weight gain - the purge. Both of these parts of the cycle can have drastic negative effects on the body. The root cause of this eating disorder is usually tied to other mental disorders, although this isn't the case all the time. Because of this, one of the better ways to treat bulimia is cognitive-behavioral therapy and support groups. Many people have found online therapy a good way to treat bulimia.

• Confusion
• Guilt
• Depression
• Relationship troubles

Bisexuality is a romantic or sexual attraction to both sexes. Therapy and counseling can help a person learn to deal with the issues that come with bisexuality.

• Depression
• Withdrawal
• Relationship problems
• Anger
• Guilt
• Denial

Dealing with HIV/AIDS can be a sensitive, emotional, and even traumatic experience for many. Talking to a therapist can help people who have HIV/AIDS as well as the people around them.

• Arguing and fighting
• Avoidance of intimacy
• Depression

Gay couples issues can mirror many relationship problems seen in heterosexual couples although there are some slightly different needs. Therapy can help a gay couple work through their issues before it becomes too big of a strain on their relationship.

• Attempting to influence sexuality
• Explaining the difference of the relationship to the child

When a gay couple decides to raise children, there can be some special circumstances and issues involved. Gay parenting can be made a little bit easier with therapy.

• Teasing from peers
• Depression
• Social difficulties
• Confusion
• Withdrawal

Gay teens have special issues that must be faced because of sexual orientation sometimes. Therapy for gay teens can be helpful, allowing them to work through their feelings and emotions.

• Hatred of homosexuals
• Anti-homosexual literature, bumper stickers, etc
• Spreading hate on the Internet

Homophobia is negative thoughts and actions that are directed toward homosexuals. Therapy is very useful in helping deal with the anger and other emotions connected with homophobia.

• Living a secret life
• Relationship problems

Homosexuality is an attraction to the opposite sex that is romantic or sexual in nature. Therapy can be useful for people dealing with homosexuality, whether they have been openly gay for a while or are just coming out to the world.

• Guilt
• Denial
• Confusion
• Lack of mental alertness
• Disbelief
• Difficulties sleeping
• Eating too much or too little

An abortion or termination of pregnancy can bring with it many feelings and emotions that are difficult for some women to deal with. Therapy can help a woman deal with an abortion or terminated pregnancy.

• Denial
• Disbelief
• Confusion
• Anger 
• Humiliation
• Shock 
• Sadness
• Yearning
• Despair 
• Sleep trouble
• Guilt

When a parent loses a child, there are many emotional and physical symptoms that may appear. Therapy can help a parent deal with the multitude of issues that come with losing a child.

• Guilt
• Depression
• Anxiety
• Sleeping problems
• Denial

Losing a parent can be a very emotional and traumatic experience, no matter the relationship between a child and parent at the time of the parent's death. Because of this, therapy is recommended to help people deal with the issues that come with losing a parent.

• Guilt
• Denial
• Confusion
• Insomnia
• Lack of mental alertness
• Disbelief

Losing a brother or sister brings with it many emotions. No matter the cause of death or the age of the sibling, it can be a traumatic experience. Because of this, therapy is recommended for dealing with all of the issues that come with losing a sibling.

• Denial
• Disbelief
• Confusion
• Anger 
• Humiliation
• Shock 
• Sadness
• Yearning
• Despair
• Guilt

Losing a spouse refers to losing a partner in life. No matter the length of the union, this can be a very difficult period for many people. This is why therapy is recommended to help deal with all that comes with losing a spouse.

• Tingling sensation
• Tremors
• Palpitations
• Tightness in the chest
• Pressure build up in the head
• Hearing an echo
• Violent behavior
• Buildup of tension
• Overreacting to situations

Intermittent explosive disorder causes repeated episodes of aggressive and extremely violent behavior that is usually out of proportion to a situation. Both therapy and counseling are recommended for treatment of this impulse-control disorder.

• Urge to steal items that aren't needed
• Increasing tension leading up to the theft
• Sense of pleasure or gratification after the theft
• Eventual feelings of guilt or shame related to the theft

Kleptomania is an irresistible urge to steal small items that aren't needed and typically have little or no value. Counseling and therapy are both recommended for treatment of kleptomania.

• Crime committed to get money for gambling
• Restless when trying to stop gambling
• Using gambling to escape problems of life
• Multiple unsuccessful attempts to cut down gambling
• Lies about money spent gambling
• Borrowing money
• Lots of time spent about gambling
• Relationship or career problems due to gambling

Pathological gambling is a disorder that causes a person to have uncontrollable urges to gamble despite the fact that doing so may have negative effects on their life. Treatment for pathological gambling should include psychotherapy.

• Frequent setting of fires
• Fascination with fire
• Depression
• Suicidal thoughts
• Trouble with interpersonal relationships
• Inability to cope well with stress

Pyromania is a disorder that causes a person to play with fire, deriving pleasure from it. It stems from a person's inability to control urges to start a fire. Treatment should include both counseling and therapy.

• Uneven hair
• Constant pulling or twirling of the hair
• Other types of self-injury
• Bowel blockage - if the hair is eaten
• Lies about the hair pulling
• Sense of pleasure or gratification after the hair is pulled
• Tension or anxiety before the hair is pulled

Trichotillomania is a disorder that causes a person to have an uncontrollable urge to pull their hair. Sometimes the person will eat the hair, causing further problems. Treatment with therapy and counseling has been shown to help with trichotillomania.

• Blind dates
• Internet dating
• Dating safely
• Single parents and dating

Dating coaching can help a person deal with the modern dating scene. With the introduction of Internet dating and other modern forms of communication, there are many issues that people may need a little help with. A dating coach can offer the guidance and support needed to navigate the modern dating world.

• Not worrying about bills
• Not living paycheck to paycheck
• Getting out of debt
• Less stress about money

Financial freedom refers to being able to comfortably take care of needs and wants without having to worry about money. For some financial freedom may just mean getting out of debt and being able to make an honest living while for others it may mean achieving financial success to enjoy the finer things in life.

• Safe exercises
• Fitness for losing weight
• Fitness for general health

Fitness coaching is a set of methods and tips that teach a person how to effectively exercise to lose weight or stay in shape. Fitness coaches can also offer a person emotional support to stick with an exercise routine day after day.

• Setting goals
• Techniques for goal setting
• Following steps to reach a goal

Goal-setting refers to the setting of specific and measurable objectives with a due date. The benefits of goal-setting are enormous, which is why a life coach is recommended for people who want help with this powerful process.

• Eating healthy
• Exercise
• Physical health
• Mental health

Health coaching can assist a person with the techniques and tips that will result in a healthier and happier life. The exact method to a healthier life may vary from person to person, but a health coach can point a person in the right direction no matter their age, sex, or current physical condition.

• Death
• Birth
• Marriage
• Divorce

Learning to deal with life transitions, moving from being single to being married for example, can be a complicated and emotionally taxing series of events. Life coaching can help a person deal with all the emotional difficulties they may face during a life transition while also learning how to more effectively deal with them in the future.

• Low self-esteem
• Public speaking issues
• Dating issues
• Interpersonal problems

Low self-confidence can hold a person back from achieving their true potential in life. For many this may lead to unhappiness or a host of other problems. Life coaching can show a person how to overcome low self-confidence and truly become the best they can be.

• Low self-confidence
• Low self-worth
• Depression
• Anxiety
• Withdrawal

A person with a low self-esteem may be unable to lead a full and healthy life because of their problems with self-image and self-worth. Whatever the cause of the self-esteem issues, a life coach can help by providing practical tips and advice on how to overcome low self-esteem.

• Positivity versus negativity
• Passion
• Energy
• Ability to achieve goals

Motivation refers to the energy or actions that are needed to achieve a goal. Without motivation a person may be unable to reach their goals, no matter how simple they might be. Life coaching can help teach a person to motivate themselves so that more can be accomplished.

• Setting goals
• Furthering education
• Career advice
• Social development

Personal development is the way in which a person becomes better during the course of their life. For some this may mean career advancement while for others it may mean having a healthy and happy family. No matter the goals, life coaching can help with personal development.

• Learning to listen to the inner voice
• Learning to listen to the heart
• Exploration of individuality

Spirituality life coaching can enable a person to tap into their heart and soul rather than always relying on their practical and logical side. This can mean different things for different people, but a life coach can help a person reach into the "inner world" and experience the totality of life.

• Safe ways to lose weight
• Regaining weight
• Dieting
• Self-image

Weight loss refers to a person attempting to achieve a more healthy weight. Life coaching can help a person learn how to more effectively tackle the problem of weight loss.

• Mood swings
• Depression
• Mania
• Other mood disorders

Bipolar disorders are major mood disorders that cause mood swings from depression to mania and back. Symptoms of bipolar disorders include frequent mood swings, depression, and various types of mania.

• Extreme worry over situations out of your control
• Being easily startled or caught off guard
• Restlessness and irritability
• Emotional and physical tension

Organic anxiety disorder affects people by causing them to exhibit extreme worry over situations that may or may not warrant so much mental power and time. For most, it is caused by an abnormal level of neurotransmitters in the brain. Treatment involving psychotherapy can assist with minimizing the disruption of everyday life for those suffering from organic anxiety disorder.

• Immobility or keeping the same position for extended periods of time
• Extreme, agitated movements

Organic catatonic disorder affects the motor skills in the human body. The causes are psychological or physiological in nature, but in either case the disorder will benefit from appropriate therapy.

• Delusions that last more than one month.
• Lack of hallucinations.
• Delusions that contain psychotic or exaggerated themes.

Organic delusional disorder is a mental disorder that affects a person’s ability to tell the difference between reality and fantasy. It can manifest itself as unwavering beliefs in things that are not true. From a fear of constantly being followed to falling in love with strangers, there are many different ways that organic delusional disorder can affect people.

• Memory loss / amnesia
• Depression, anxiety or other mental disorders
• Altered perception of the world
• A Blurry sense of reality and identity

Organic dissociative disorder affects people by causing them to lose touch with reality due to a physical problem with the brain. Some types of dissociative disorder revolve around self-awareness and identity while others may affect memory, perception of surroundings, or a combination of these factors. Treatment for dissociative disorder is straightforward should involve psychotherapy.

• Emotional outbursts at inappropriate times
• Extreme emotional responses
• In ability to stop crying or laughing for long periods of time
• Mood swings that come on suddenly and disappear in a relatively short period of time

Organic emotionally labile disorder affects people by causing them to lose control over emotions. For some this exhibits itself as crying or laughing uncontrollably. There are many quite a few things that can cause emotionally labile disorder, including strokes, extreme brain injuries, or other mental disorders. Psychotherapy is a good way to help get moods back under control.

• Auditory Hallucinations
• Visual Hallucinations
• Olfactory Hallucinations
• Tactile or Physical Hallucinations

Organic hallucinosis refers to an organic mental syndrome that causes hallucinations because of physical problems with the brain. Depending on the type of organic hallucinosis and the root cause, the hallucinations may include auditory, visual, olfactory or other sensory hallucinations.

• Extreme changes in personality
• Prolonged depression
• Easy irritability and agitation
• Extreme aggression
• Extreme anxiety

Organic mood disorders are characterized by those that involve the moods or emotions of a person that are changed due to a physiological problem with the brain or nervous system. The two major types of mood disorders are depression and bipolar disorder. This disorder is caused by chemical imbalances in the brain, but psychotherapy can be helpful for the symptoms.

Sudden changes in behavior
Inappropriate social behavior
Sexual indiscretions
Emotional instability
Bad social judgement
Belligerence and an overactive temper

Organic personality disorder causes people to exhibit anti-social or harmful behaviors that they are not usually known for exhibiting. The causes center around damage to the brain that may have been caused by tumors or some other traumatic injury to the head. Psychotherapy can be useful for treatment of organic personality disorder.

• Headaches that occur frequently and last a long time
• Problems with memory or judgement
• Long periods of confusion
• Difficulty walking
• Dizziness and fatigue

Postconcussional syndrome happens as a result of a concussion, sometimes a long time after the original concussion occurs. This can make it hard to accurately diagnose PCS. Treatment is possible with various online therapies designed to help lessen the intensity of the symptoms of PCS.

• A general malaise or sense of apathy
• Irritability
• Difficulties with learning and retaining knowledge
• Altered sleep and eating patterns
• Sexuality changes
• Poor social judgement
• Placement of objects in the mouth
• Fascination with objects in the environment
• Emotional placidity

Postencephalitic Syndrome is a condition which affects the behavior of a person after they suffer damage to their nerves or brain because of a viral or bacterial infection. Treatment including behavioral therapy and counseling can be really helpful for dealing with everything associated with postencephalitic syndrome.

• Questions
• Anger
• Guilt
• Running away
• Fighting

Adoption is when a couple assume the parenting responsibilities for a child that is not their own. While this is not a problem for many families, there are instances that may arise that may be uncomfortable for everyone involved, which is why parenting therapy and coaching are recommended.

• Acting out
• Patterns of bad behavior
• Embarrassment in public
• Trouble with discipline

Behavior is the manner in which people act around others. Bad behavior is a problem that many parents face with varying degrees of success. Coaching and therapy are helpful ways for parents to learn better methods to teach good behavior.

• The child not listening
• Bad behavior

Discipline is a technique used to develop good, responsible behavior in children through the use of boundaries and punishment for breaking the rules. Many parents find getting help with discipline a comforting thing to do. Therapy can also help parents learn to properly discipline their children.

• Depression
• Feelings of worthlessness
• Sadness
• Grief

Empty nest syndrome is a psychological condition that affects some parents when one or more of their children leave home. Both therapy and coaching are recommended for dealing with empty nest syndrome.

• Anger
• Guilt
• Depression
• Avoidance of intimacy

Infertility refers to the inability to produce offspring. This may occur in a man or woman. Dealing with issues of fertility can be an emotional mine field for some. Therapy can help couples sort through all the issues related to infertility, no matter who is affected.

• Rebellion
• Sexual issues
• Dating
• Learning to drive
• Moving away from home

Parenting adolescents refers to raising children between the ages of 13 and 18. These can be the most difficult years for some parents as the children begin to find their own identities in the world. This is why we recommend coaching and therapy for parents of teens and adolescents.

• Behavior
• Discipline
• Responsibility

Parenting children refers to raising a child who is between 3 and 12 years old. There are many different developmental milestones that occur during these ages, making it important to get help when it's needed. Coaching and therapy are recommended for parents who need a little help with raising children.

• Terrible twos
• Teething
• Potty training
• Learning to walk

Parenting toddlers refers to raising a child that is between 1 and 3 years old. While this is a short time period, it is packed with big events in a child's life. Because of the importance of a child's development at this point in their life, coaching and therapy for parents is recommended.

• Anger
• Arrogance
• Expert manipulator
• Substance abuse
• Frequent legal problems
• Frequent negative behavior - lying, cheating, stealing
• Disregards the safety of self and others
• Does not show any guilt

Antisocial personality disorder causes a person to exploit, manipulate, and generally violate the rights of others. Counseling and therapy is recommended for the treatment of antisocial personality disorder.

• Preoccupation with shortcomings
• Sensitivity to rejection
• Inhibited interpersonal relationships
• Fear of inadequacy

Avoidant personality disorder causes a person to be extremely sensitive to rejection because of inflated fears of inadequacy. Cognitive behavioral therapy is recommended as part of treatment for avoidant personality disorder.

• Feelings of emptiness
• Boredom
• Inappropriate anger
• Impulsiveness with money
• Substance abuse
• Hatred of being alone
• Repeated self-injury

Borderline personality disorder causes a person to act compulsively and have difficulties with relationships and maintaining a stable mood. Psychotherapy is recommended for treatment of borderline personality disorder.

• Lack of trust in decision making capability
• Avoidance of personal responsibility
• Avoidance of being alone
• Inability to meet normal demands of life
• Preoccupation with fears of being abandoned
• Easily hurt or offended by criticism
• Passive in relations with other people

Dependent personality disorder causes a person to be overly dependent on other people for physical and emotional needs. A combination of therapy and group counseling are recommended for treatment of dependent personality disorder.

• Difficulty with stress
• Trouble with interpersonal relationships
• Social isolation
• Excessive dependence
• Lack of interest in life

Enduring personality changes are emotional and behavioral problems that are not attributable to brain damage or disease but still have a large negative effect on a person's life, typically longer than two years. Psychotherapy is recommended for treatment of enduring personality changes.

• Easily influenced by other people
• Constantly seeks approval or reassurance
• Overly concerned with personal appearance
• Very emotional and moody
• Very critical of criticism
• Belief that relationships are more intimate than they really are
• Blames failure on others
• Low tolerance for frustration
• Need to be the center of attention
• Seemingly shallow emotions that change frequently

Histrionic personality disorder causes a person to act very emotional in order to receive attention. Psychotherapy is a recommended form of treatment for histrionic personality disorder.

• Reacts to criticism with rage, shame, or humiliation
• Boasts about talents and exaggerates them
• Fantasies about success, power, or perfect love
• Requires constant attention and admiration
• Lack of empathy
• Obsessive self-interest
• Feelings of self-importance
• Exaggerates achievements
• Unreasonable expectations of positive treatment
• Selfish goals

Narcissistic personality disorder causes a person to have an inflated sense of self-worth that can become an extreme preoccupation. Therapy and counseling are recommended for treatment of narcissistic personality disorder.

• Excessive dedication to work or other activities
• Inflexibility
• Inability to throw things away
• Lack of generosity
• Perfectionism
• Fascination with details, rules, and lists
• Trouble allowing others to do things

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder causes a person to become overly obsessed with control, orderliness, and rules. Treatment for this personality disorder should include therapy and counseling.

• Detachment
• Hostility
• Concern about hidden motives
• Expectations of exploitation
• Inability to work well with others
• Poor self-image
• Social isolation

Paranoid personality disorder causes a person to be very distrustful of others. Therapy and counseling are both recommended for treatment of this personality disorder.

• Aloof
• Detached
• Avoids most social activities
• Does not desire close relationships, even with family

Schizoid personality disorder causes a lifelong indifference to others that can result in social isolation. Treatment with therapy and counseling is recommended for schizoid personality disorder.

• Odd behavior
• Poor social skills
• Incorrect interpretation of events
• Problems with interpersonal relationships
• Extremely unusual belief systems
• Unfounded fears

Schizotypal personality disorder causes a person to exhibit extremely odd behavior that has a serious negative effect on their social life and ability to maintain interpersonal relationships. Both therapy and counseling is recommended for treatment of schizotypal personality disorder.

• An intense dislike of heights
• Inability to face ladders
• Inability to stand on chairs
• Panic when confronted with heights

Acrophobia is an extreme fear of heights, even extending into a fear of not having your feet touch the ground. While symptoms will vary slightly from person to person, treatment including therapy and counseling is helpful.

• A dread of the sight or presence of spiders of any kind
• Panic when a spider is present that may often seem grossly disproportionate or irrational
• An active need to avoid areas where a spider may be present or has recently been seen
• Onset of panic at the sight of fake spiders or realistic drawing and images of spiders

Arachnophobia is an extreme and often irrational and disproportionate fear of spiders that can often result in panic when confronted with the object of their fear. Treatment including therapy and counseling is helpful for dealing with arachnophobia.

• An irrational fear of flying, whether it be in airplanes, helicopters, or any kind of levitating machine
• Anxiety when confronted with the possibility of flying or boarding an aircraft of any kind
• A racing heart rate, blood pressure, or panic attacks while on or boarding an airplane
• The inability to even enter an airport without feeling anxious

Aviophobia is a fear of flight in a plane or any other mode of aerial travel to the extent that the sufferer will actively avoid travel even to their own detriment and inconvenience. Counseling and therapy are both recommended for treatment of aviophobia.

• Anxiety during thunderstorms
• A marked interest or even obsession with tracking weather patterns
• The need to seek out company during a storm
• A desire to hide from the storm
• An unwillingness to leave one’s house due to the potential danger of storms

Brontophobia is characterized by a severe and often irrational fear of thunder that lasts longer than six months of a person’s life. Treatment options include therapy and counseling.

• An intense fear of carcinogens
• A hyper-vigilance when concerning social situations, products you use, or the food you eat
• A reluctance to go anywhere that might expose you to carcinogens
• A decided aversion or anger displayed to those who you feel might be introducing carcinogens into your environment

Carcinophobia is the intense fear of cancer or developing cancer and comes with a host of health related symptoms that generally classify this phobia as a social anxiety disorder. Counseling and therapy are good treatment options for carcinophobia.

• An intense dislike of being closed in
• A need to be free to move around
• Panic attacks that involve

Claustrophobia is defined as an extreme and even pathological fear of enclosed spaces and being confined, often related to the fear of being trapped or suffocated. Therapy and counseling are two good ways to get help with claustrophobia.

• Actively avoiding dogs or any area where dogs may be present
• The constant worry of running into a dog
• Panic and anxiety when confronted by a dog

Cynophobia is a severe and often irrational fear of dogs. Both counseling and therapy are good ways to treat this phobia.

• Developing anxiety symptoms when feeling nauseous or when vomiting
• Actively avoiding situation where contracting a virus or stomach bug that could lead to vomiting is a possibility
• A reluctance to eat or a meticulous peculiarity about how one’s food is prepared

Emetophobia at its most basic is the intense fear of vomiting or anything relating to or that could perhaps cause vomiting. Counseling and therapy are recommended for the treatment of emetophobia.

• An irrational fear of dirt and germs
• The need to avoid anywhere that might be contaminated with germs
• A paranoia about touching things or people who may be infected
• The urge to avoid social situations so that germs and dirt will not be an issue
•  Panic attacks if the sufferer believes that they have been infected

Mysophobia is a pathological and irrational fear of contact with dirt because it might contain germs and the sufferer could then become “contaminated." Psychotherapy is an important part of treatment for mysophobia.

• An overwhelming fear of dead things
• A constant preoccupation with death and dying
• Panic attacks and other anxiety related behaviors that exhibit themselves when a person’s phobia is triggered
• Reluctance to leave the house due to an irrational fear of dying
• The need to constantly seek reassurance from a medical professional

The term necrophobia actually refers to two separate fears: the fear of dying or a general fear of dead things or corpses. Counseling and therapy are both good options for the treatment of necrophobia.

• An intense reaction when seeing a snake or the picture of a snake
• Panic when thinking about snakes or being exposed to them
• The active avoidance of places where sufferers might be exposed to a snake

Ophidiophobia is an intense fear of snakes both in person and in pictures or on television. It can be linked with, but is not the same as, herpetophobia, the general fear of reptiles.

• Loss of breath and racing heart rate
• A feeling of vertigo and disorientation
• An intense need to remove themselves from the current situation
• The belief that you may be judged negatively in social situations
• Avoiding social situations entirely

Sociaphobia is an extreme anxiety pertaining to social situations, manifesting in a variety of symptoms including those usually associated with anxiety disorder. Counseling and therapy are good treatment options for sociaphobia.

• Panic or anxiety when dealing with an injection
• Fainting at the sight of a needle
• Avoiding seeking medical help because it might mean getting an injection or test of some kind
• Combative behavior when seeing a needle
• A seemingly irrational fear of the pain a needle might cause

Trypanophobia is the severe fear of needles used for medical procedures or in a medical setting. It often accompanies other phobias and is very common in the U.S.A.

• Post-traumatic event
• Hallucinations
• Confusion
• Mood swings

A brief psychotic disorder is a short term mental problem brought on by an extremely stressful situation or event in a person's life. Symptoms of a brief psychotic disorder include hallucinations, mood swings, and other emotional problems. Treatment for this short term psychotic disorder is possible with counseling and therapy.

• Irritability
• Mood swings
• Hallucinations

Delusional disorder is a mental illness that affects a person's ability to tell reality from fantasy. Common symptoms of delusional disorder are irritability, mood swings, and hallucinations. Psychotherapy and counseling can help with treatment for delusional disorder.

• Losing touch with reality
• Changes in appetite and other behavior
• Delusions 
• Poor personal hygiene
• Mood swings

Schizoaffective disorder is an illness that affects the brain. Symptoms of schizoaffective disorder include delusions, trouble functioning in society, bad personal grooming, mood swings and other dangerous physical and mental problems. Treatment for schizoaffective disorder is possible with psychotherapy and counseling.

• Agitation and anxiety
• Decreased sensitivity to pain
• Poor personal hygiene
• Poor motor skills
• Anger
• Delusions of persecution or grandeur
• Regressive or child-like behavior 
• Hallucinations
• Laughter that is inappropriate
• Incoherence 
• Withdrawal from society

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that affects a person's ability to distinguish between what is real and imaginary. The causes of schizophrenia vary slightly, but symptoms of this psychotic disorder generally include anxiety, poor personal hygiene, delusions, hallucinations, and anti-social behavior as well as other physical and psychological signs. Psychotherapy for the treatment of schizophrenia is helpful.

• Delusions
• Hallucinations
• Strange behavior
• Poor grooming habits
• Anti-social behavior

Schizophreniform disorders is a temporary type of schizophrenia, a psychotic disorder that has several serious physical and mental effects on a person. Symptoms include delusions, hallucinations, odd behavior as well as other signs. Psychotherapy as treatment for schizophreniform disorder is one option.

• Shared delusions
• Unusual behavior

Shared psychotic disorder is a rare mental illness that causes delusions that are affected by the delusional disorder of another person. Symptoms of shared psychotic disorder include delusions that are shared with the person suffering from long term psychotic disorders. Although rare, treatment for shared psychotic disorder is recommended.

• Depression
• Guilt
• Avoidance
• Lies

Betrayal is the breaking of trust in a relationship. The exact type of betrayal may differ from couple to couple, but the resulting lack of trust is an issue that relationships affected by betrayal have to face. This is why therapy and relationship coaching are recommended for dealing with betrayal in a relationship.

• Unhappiness
• Inability to explain feelings
• Feeling misunderstood
• Feeling invisible
• No meaningful communication for long periods

Communication problems are any difficulties that a couple may have trying to talk to each other and explain their wants and needs. Trouble communicating can lead to many other serious problems in a relationship, which is why therapy and counseling may prove useful.

• Depression
• Anger
• Exhaustion
• Guilt

A divorce or break-up happens when two people decide to call it quits and end a relationship due to their differences. Learning to deal with the emotional pain of a divorce - especially if there are children involved - can be made easier with the help of the proper therapy and coaching.

• Better communication
• Less fighting
• Stronger family relationships

Family counselling is a type of therapy that can help families with any of the issues they may be facing. Different families may have different needs when it comes to family counselling, but there are many tips and techniques that can help families get along better.

• Being secretive
• Working late
• Multiple email accounts
• Lies

When one person in a relationship has a sexual relationship with another person or otherwise breaks agreed and known boundaries in a relationship, it is known as infidelity. Once the infidelity is known about by both parties, it can have many serious consequences on a relationship. Because of this, relationship coaching and therapy are recommended.

• Need for constant communication
• Controlling behavior
• Emotional distance

Jealousy is a negative human emotion that can result in serious problems for relationships. It centers around controlling behavior mixed with insecurity. Therapy can be very useful for dealing with jealousy before it leads to more serious effects on a person's life.

• Better relationship
• Guided communication
• Presence of a neutral person

Marriage counselling is a type of psychotherapy that can assist a couple in having a more fulfilling marriage. For married couple who want to save their marriage, this type of counselling may prove useful for saving the marriage. Others may use marriage counselling before a problem appears in order to better ensure a happy and healthy relationship.

• Anger
• Fighting
• Lack of effective communication
• Avoidance of intimacy
• Arguing

Power struggles refer to people in a relationship fighting about who is in control, with both trying to dominate the relationship in one way or another. In many cases, relationship therapy and coaching can be very beneficial for couples dealing with all the negatives that come with power struggles.

• Better relationship
• Guided communication
• Neutral person to mediate

Relationship counseling is used to help a couple learn to deal with many relationship problems that may arise during a long term relationship. While the reasons couples decide to get relationship counseling may differ, when taken seriously, it can help everyone involved.

• Anger
• Guilt
• Resentment

Separation is typically a step taken before a divorce or a break-up that consists of partners living separately and not having a close, intimate relationship. Relationship therapy can help both partners deal with all the issues that come with separation.

• Disgusted by genitals
• Cross-dressing
• Depression
• Withdrawal from social interaction
• A belief that gender will change
• A wish or desire to change genders

Gender identity disorder is an extreme conflict between a person's actual gender and the opposite, which they wish they could be or insist they are. Psychotherapy is extremely helpful in dealing with all the issues that come with gender identity disorder.

• Exposure of genitals in public to strangers
• Sexual fantasies revolving around rubbing against a non-consenting person
• Sexual fantasies about giving or receiving pain for sexual gratification
• Strong sexual urges or compulsions
• Sexual fantasies, desires, or urges that cause a problem in relationships
• Illegal sexual activity
• Use of inanimate objects for sexual gratification

A sexual dysfunction is a problem that occurs at any point of sexual activity and causes difficulties. Treatment for sexual disorders should include therapy anParaphilias are problems with uncontrollable sexual urges, desires as well as behaviors that center around uncommon sexual activities, objects, or situations that most do not find sexually stimulating. Psychotherapy is recommended for treatment of various paraphilias.

• Problems getting to sleep
• Problems staying asleep
• Falling asleep suddenly
• Unnatural sleep patterns

Dyssomnias are disorders that cause a person to sleep too much, have difficulties getting to sleep or stay asleep.

• Preoccupation with physical appearance
• Poor self-image
• Frequent examinations in a mirror
• Excessive grooming
• Refusing to be in pictures
• Continual comparison of appearance with others

Body dysmorphic disorder is the inability to stop dwelling on a physical flaw that is either real or imagined. The part of the body obsessed about will vary from person to person, but if a person has poor self-image, has excessive grooming practices, and other symptoms, it may be signs of a problem. Treatment with therapy and counseling are helpful when dealing with body dysmorphic disorder.

• Sudden loss of bodily functions
• History of psychological problems
• Loss of sight or paralysis after a traumatic event

Conversion disorder is blindness, paralysis, or other neurologic symptoms that cannot be explained. Symptoms include a sudden loss of sight or paralysis without a medical cause. While not a lot is known about this disorder, therapy and counseling are good forms of treatment for conversion disorder.

• Belief lasts for more than six months
• No physical cause of the symptoms or pain
• Preoccupation with fear of illnesses
• Shifting of symptoms and pains
• Either really specific or really vague symptoms

Hypochondriasis is a bel